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Ring of Gyges : ウィキペディア英語版 | Ring of Gyges
The Ring of Gyges is a mythical magical artifact mentioned by the philosopher Plato in Book 2 of his ''Republic'' (2.359a–2.360d). It granted its owner the power to become invisible at will. Through the story of the ring, ''Republic'' considers whether an intelligent person would be moral if he did not have to fear being caught and punished for doing injustices. ==The legends== Gyges of Lydia was a historical king, the founder of the Mermnad dynasty of Lydian kings. Various ancient works—the most well-known being ''The Histories'' of Herodotus〔Herodotus 1.7–13〕—gave different accounts of the circumstances of his rise to power.〔 --> | url = | format = | accessdate = }}〕 All, however, agree in asserting that he was originally a subordinate of King Candaules of Lydia, that he killed Candaules and seized the throne, and that he had either seduced Candaules' Queen before killing him, married her afterwards, or both. In Glaucon's recounting of the myth (which is clearly not based on historical fact), an unnamed ancestor of Gyges〔: "τῷ () τοῦ Λυδοῦ προγόνῳ". In ''Republic'', Book 10 (), Socrates refers to the ring as "the ring of Gyges" (). For this reason, the story is simply called "The Ring of Gyges".〕 was a shepherd in the service of the ruler of Lydia. After an earthquake, a cave was revealed in a mountainside where he was feeding his flock. Entering the cave, he discovered that it was in fact a tomb with a bronze horse containing a corpse, larger than that of a man, who wore a golden ring, which he pocketed. He discovered that the ring gave him the power to become invisible by adjusting it. He then arranged to be chosen as one of the messengers who reported to the king as to the status of the flocks. Arriving at the palace, he used his new power of invisibility to seduce the queen, and with her help he murdered the king, and became king of Lydia himself.
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